As a
longtime executive with Scripps-Howard Newspapers, Mark Ferree always believed
in the vitality of the industry he spent his life supporting. “No other
profession offers the opportunity this one does to those willing to apply
themselves,” Ferree said in 1960 when he was elected to serve as the new
president for the American Newspaper Publishers Association. Ferree went one
step further, however, calling newspapers “basic to our whole way of life. We
should never be afraid of anything.”
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| Credit: Indiana University Archives |
Ferree
supported his words with action just a year later when on May 9, 1961, he and seven
other American newspaper executives from such institutions as the New York Times, Dallas Times-Herald, and the American Society of Newspaper Editors,
met with President John F. Kennedy to discuss the importance of national
security in regards to news coverage regarding the failed Bay of Pigs operation
in Cuba. It was a conversation the president had begun weeks earlier in a
speech before an ANPA meeting in New York.
In spite of pressure from Kennedy,
the news executives stood their ground on freedom of the press. “The conference
in the President’s office was a total failure,” noted Pierre Salinger, White
House press secretary. “Although JFK produced a number of recent news
dispatches that clearly violated national security, the news executives told
him bluntly that they would accept no new security restrictions—voluntary or
official—in the absence of a declaration of national emergency.”
Even
before the meeting, Ferree had staunchly opposed the threats to established
press freedoms. Although after Kennedy’s ANPA speech Ferree had indicated that
when national security was involved, publishers would respond to a patriotic
appeal from a president, he went on to say that if it involved censorship, “the
only censorship workable or acceptable to newspapers of this country would have
to be voluntary censorship along the lines worked so successfully by
newspapermen themselves in the last war [World War II].”
Ferree’s
high regard for his chosen profession came naturally. Born in Marion, Indiana,
on January 19, 1905, Ferree got his start on newspapers as a delivery boy for
the Richmond Palladium-Item. His
older sister was married to the publisher of that newspaper, Ed Harris, whom
Ferree described as “a wonderful person, a good newspaper man and gave me my
liking for newspaper work.” During high school he worked as a reporter and
editorial writer at the Marion Chronicle.
He also had fond memories of carrying buckets of water at fifty cents a day to
a Curtis Jenny biplane giving sightseeing flights at a cow pasture north of
town. Sometimes he had to use the water to not only cool the aircraft’s engine,
but to also wash down the passenger seat after someone had lost their breakfast
after a thrilling aerial ride. Ferree continued to write while he was a student
at Indiana University, covering the downtown beat for the Indiana Daily Student newspaper.
When
he left the university in 1925, however, Ferree did not find work at a
newspaper. Instead, he took a job as a sales trainee with the Dashiell Motor
Company selling Dodge automobiles in Chicago, where he had worked during summer
vacations, before finally returning to journalism as telegraph editor on the Evansville Courier. While working on the
Courier, he received a telephone call
from Olin W. Kennedy, editor of the Miami
Herald. “He offered me $65 a week,” said Ferree. “I was making $35 and
couldn’t believe my luck.” In 1930 he married Ruth Gauntt Welborn of
Evansville, Indiana; the couple had one son, Evan.
Over
the next few years Ferree worked as the head of advertising and publicity for
the Southern Pine Association before returning to journalism in 1932, selling
advertising on commission for the Washington
Daily News, a job made possible by help from fellow Hoosiers Newlson
Poynter, Lowell Mellett, and Ernie Pyle. “I made so much selling to the retail
lumber and home building trade they were happy to put me on salary.” He later
became advertising director and business manager for the Indianapolis Times before becoming assistant general manager for
all Scripps-Howard newspapers on January 1, 1945, moving to his positing as
executive vice president and director of the E. W. Scripps Company, the
operating company of Scripps-Howard Newspapers, in 1952.
A
self-professed practical realist, Ferree refrained in his business dealings
from “pontificating or offering gratuitous advice.” Instead, he preferred to
give those in charge of each newspaper in the Scripps-Howard chain “freedom and
complete autonomy.” He also played a key role in cutting costs by merging
printing plants between Scripps-Howard and competing newspapers in such cities
as San Francisco, Albuquerque, Birmingham, El Paso, Evansville, Knoxville, and
Columbus. “Costs are cut, competition continues, and both papers are stronger,”
he said. “Most importantly, two separate and distinct editorial voices are
preserved to serve the community.”
Although
the Scripps-Howard offices were at the New York Central Building at 230 Park
Avenue in New York, Ferree spent between one third and one half of his time
newspapers in the chain around the country. Most of the trips were made on the
company’s plane, a Douglas B-23, and Ferree estimated he flew nearly 50,000 miles
every year.
Fellow Scripps-Howard employees described him as someone who “runs
in oil,” meaning he worked smoothly and got along with everyone.
“Scripps-Howard executives are not ‘ulcer men,’” he once observed. “They enjoy
what they are doing, like I do, I am sure. And because of that, they get things
done through hard work—not worrying.” On weekends he and his wife relaxed at
their country home in Lewisboro, New York, where Ferree could be found chopping
wood for walking his Labrador retrievers, Cappie and Petite.
As
president of the ANPA, Ferree worked on a special committee to promote better
understanding of daily newspapers. “Newspapers need to be promoted as an
important part of the political, economic, social and cultural life of the
United States,” he said. For years Ferree had been concerned that critics had led the public
to believe that newspapers were in danger of fading away. Those critics who chop
away at the roots of the newspaper tree, he noted, never recognized that they,
“with all free citizens, live and work in the shade of that very tree.” Ferree
warned that if newspapers, as fully independent mediums of news and opinion,
faded away, “criticism would wither, not for lack of a target but for lack of
its chief protector.”
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| Credit: Indiana University Archives |
Ferree
always maintained strong ties to his native state. In 1959 he was named Hoosier
of the Year at the annual dinner of the Indiana Society of New York. Also that
year IU awarded him its Distinguished Alumni Service Award, praising him as a
“journalist, editor and distinguished administrator in the complex world of
newspaper publishing.” In 1977, seven years after his retirement from
Scripps-Howard, Ferree received a honorary doctorate of law degree from IU. In
1981 Ferree and his wife gave $100,000 as an endowment for journalism education
at the university. The endowment now supports the Mark and Ruth (Welborn)
Ferree Scholarship for undergraduate journalism majors. Mark Ferree died from a
heart attack on February 13, 1982.
